The short answer: the cleaning code on a couch tag tells you what the fabric can be cleaned with. W means water-based cleaners; S means solvent-based (water-free) cleaners only; W/S (also written SW) means either; and X means vacuum or brush only, with no liquid cleaners at all. Using the wrong kind of cleaner can leave rings, shrink the fabric or change its color.
Where to find the cleaning code
Look on the tag under the seat cushions, on the deck (the platform under the cushions), on a cushion zipper tag, or in the product listing and care instructions. If there is no code, treat the fabric as X and ask a professional before using any cleaner.
What does each cleaning code mean?
- Cleaning code W: the fabric can be cleaned with water-based cleaners, such as mild dish soap in water, upholstery shampoo or foam, and steam if the label allows. It is the easiest code to clean at home.
- Cleaning code S: use only water-free, solvent-based cleaners. Water can leave rings or shrink the fabric.
- Cleaning code W/S (SW): either type is safe. Start with a mild water-based cleaner, and use a solvent on greasy stains.
- Cleaning code X: vacuum or brush only. No water and no solvents; stains need a professional cleaner.
Cleaning codes at a glance
| Code | Meaning | Use | Avoid |
|---|---|---|---|
| W | Water-based cleaning | Mild dish soap in water, upholstery shampoo, enzyme cleaners, steam if the label allows | Solvents, which can damage the fabric or its finish |
| S | Solvent only, no water | Water-free upholstery solvents; isopropyl alcohol on many S-coded microfibers (test first) | Water, which can leave rings, shrink or stain |
| W/S or SW | Water or solvent | Mild water-based cleaners for most spills; solvents for grease and ink | Soaking the fabric with either |
| X | No liquids | Vacuuming and light brushing only | Any liquid cleaner; call a professional for stains |
How to clean an S-code couch
S-coded fabrics, common on microfiber, rayon and some cottons, react badly to water. Spot-clean with a water-free upholstery solvent or, for many microfibers, isopropyl alcohol misted lightly and wiped with a white sponge. Work in good ventilation, away from flames, and brush the nap once dry. Step by step: how to clean a microfiber couch.
How to clean a W-code couch
Mix a few drops of mild dish soap into lukewarm water (distilled water helps avoid rings), dab the stain with a cloth, rinse with a clean damp cloth and blot dry. Use as little water as possible so the foam underneath doesn’t get wet. Our deep-cleaning guide covers steam and shampoo, how to clean couch cushions covers washable covers, and the stain guide goes stain by stain.
Typical cleaning codes by fabric
| Fabric | Code you often see |
|---|---|
| Polyester and polyester blends | W or W/S |
| Performance fabric | W or W/S |
| Microfiber and microsuede | S or W/S |
| Polyester velvet | W or W/S |
| Cotton and linen | S or W/S |
| Rayon, viscose and silk blends | S or X |
These are only common patterns. The tag on your own sofa is what counts, because finishes and blends change the code.
What if your couch has no cleaning code?
Check the listing or the manufacturer’s care sheet first. If you still can’t find one, treat the fabric as X: vacuum and brush it, and test any cleaner on a hidden spot, such as under the deck or on the back of a cushion, before using it anywhere visible.
Does leather have a cleaning code?
Leather uses its own care instructions rather than W/S codes. Protected leather takes mild soap or a leather cleaner; aniline leather needs very little moisture. See how to clean a leather couch.
Frequently asked questions
What does S mean on a couch tag?
S means solvent: clean the fabric only with water-free, solvent-based cleaners. Water can leave rings or damage it.
What does W/S mean on a couch tag?
W/S means the fabric can be cleaned with either a water-based or a solvent-based cleaner. Start with a mild water-based cleaner and use a solvent for greasy stains.
What does X mean on a couch tag?
X means vacuum or brush only. Don’t use water or solvent cleaners; take stains to a professional upholstery cleaner.
What does W mean on furniture?
W means the fabric can be cleaned with water-based cleaners, such as mild soap and water or upholstery foam.
Can you use baby wipes or vinegar on an S-code couch?
No. Both contain water, which can leave rings on S-coded fabric. Use a water-free upholstery solvent or, on many microfibers, rubbing alcohol after a spot test.
Can you steam clean any couch?
Only W and W/S fabrics whose label doesn’t forbid it. Never steam S- or X-coded fabric or leather.